Terry Fox started his Marathon of Hope 44 years ago: Today in History

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This date, April 12, is in history:

In 1065, the pilgrims led by Bishop Guenther of Bamberg (Germany) reached Jerusalem.

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In 1204, the Fourth Crusade captured and sacked Constantinople.

In 1606, England adopted the original version of the Union Jack as its flag, combining the flags of England and Scotland.

In 1654, Ireland and Scotland were united with England.

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In 1861, the American Civil War began when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.

In 1872, a record 33 cm of snow fell on Winnipeg.

In 1877, the catcher's mask was used for the first time in a baseball game by Harvard's James Ting against the Lynn Live Oaks.

In 1917, women in Ontario won the right to vote.

In 1936, an explosion at the Moose River Mine in Nova Scotia killed three men. Two survivors were brought to the surface after 10 days.

In 1938, New Yorkers were advised that anyone applying for a marriage license must take a syphilis test.

(In 1945, US President Franklin Roosevelt died of a stroke in Warm Springs (Ga) at the age of 63. Vice President Harry Truman became the 33rd US President

(In 1945, over 1,000 German and Dutch Jews were cleared by Canadian forces at a camp near Westerbork in the Netherlands, which was used as a gathering place for Anne Frank, who was sent to death camps in the East.

In 1955, a report from the University of Michigan declared the Salk polio vaccine safe and effective.

In 1960, Maurice “Rocket” Richard scored the last goal of his 18-year NHL career. It helped Montreal beat Toronto 5-2 in Game 3 of the Stanley Cup Finals. The Canadiens won the series in four games and won a record fifth consecutive Stanley Cup.

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In 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly into space. It orbited the Earth once before Vostok I re-entered the atmosphere 89 minutes later. Gagarin died seven years later at the age of 38 when his plane crashed during a training mission.

In 1967, the Commons proposed the adoption of O Canada as the national anthem. The necessary legislation was finally passed in 1980.

In 1980, Terry Fox submerged his artificial leg in the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Spear (NFLD) to aid cancer research. Fox's run ended on September 1 in Thunder Bay when he was diagnosed with lung cancer. He died the following season, a month before his 23rd birthday.

In 1981, Joe Louis, who held the World Heavyweight Championship for 12 years, died at the age of 66.

In 1981, the space shuttle Columbia, the world's first reusable spacecraft, made its first test flight. In its later history, Columbia disintegrated on February 1, 2003, during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere on its 28th flight. All seven astronauts on board were killed.

In 1982, Canada temporarily banned all Argentine imports due to its occupation of the Falkland Islands.

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In 1988, the federal government put Air Canada up for sale. Legislation was introduced to sell 45 percent of the carrier's shares and sell the rest in the future.

In 1988, the first animal patent was granted to Harvard University for a genetically engineered laboratory mouse.

In 1989, former boxing champion Sugar Ray Robinson died in Culver City, California at the age of 67.

At its first meeting in 1990, East Germany's first democratically elected parliament accepted responsibility for the Holocaust. He asked for forgiveness for the Jews and other victims.

In 1992, the $4 billion Euro Disneyland amusement park opened outside Paris.

In 1999, a federal judge found US President Bill Clinton in contempt of court for knowingly making false statements about his relationship with Monica Lewinsky. Clinton ordered to pay court costs to Paula Jones, who sued her for sexual harassment.

In 2005, a memorial was unveiled in St. John's, NL, where Terry Fox began his Marathon of Hope 25 years ago.

American billionaire Jerry Zucker, who bought Hudson's Bay in 2008, died at the age of 58. His wife, Anita, was appointed governor of HBC, making her the first woman to hold the position in the company's 338-year history.

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In 2009, Angel Cabrera defeated Kenny Perry and Chad Campbell in a second playoff to win the Masters at Augusta National Stadium. He became the first Argentine to win the green jacket and also the lowest-ranked player (69) since the world rankings began in 1986.

In 2010, Polytechnique, Denis Villeneuve's black-and-white depiction of the 1989 Montreal massacre, won major prizes at the Genie Awards, including best picture, director, actress (Carin Vanasse) and original screenplay. He won nine out of 11 nominations.

In 2011, Japan's nuclear regulators raised the crisis severity level at the tsunami-hit Fukushima Dai-ichi plant to 7, the highest internationally. He compared it to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.

In 2013, the U.S. government in Detroit and Windsor, Ont. approved the construction of a second bridge between the two countries, which is expected to ease congestion and speed up trade at the busiest border crossing between the two countries. (The Gordie Howe International Bridge is scheduled to be completed in 2024.)

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In 2015, 21-year-old Jordan Spieth made his first major at the Masters in record fashion, shooting 18-under 270 to become the first wire-to-wire winner of the green jacket since 1976. The Masters also holds records for 36 holes (14 under) and 54 holes (16 under).

2017 Nobel Peace Prize laureate and girl's education activist Malala Yousafzai was made an honorary citizen of Canada at a ceremony in Ottawa. He is the sixth person to receive the honor and, at 19, the youngest.

In 2018, Alberta passed a law that allowed Sikhs wearing turbans to ride motorcycles without helmets, making it the third province to implement the exemption after BC and Manitoba.

In 2019, the Terry Fox Research Institute launched a new national network to bring together leading cancer hospitals and research universities from across Canada. It was called the Canadian Cancer Research Group. The announcement in St. John's comes exactly 39 years after Fox dipped his artificial leg in St. John's Harbor to begin his Marathon of Hope. The institute said the Marathon of Hope network of cancer centers will help accelerate so-called precision medicine for cancer patients.

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In 2019, McGill University announced that, effective immediately, its sports teams would no longer be known as the Redmen. According to Principal Suzanne Fortier, the name Redmen is not one the university would choose today and McGill would promote. The name, which dates back to the 1920s, was strongly criticized by local students and staff.

In 2020, the US death toll from COVID-19 surpassed that of Italy, the world's highest.

In 2020, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, in his first statement after being released from intensive care at St Thomas' Hospital in London, said he owed his life to the National Health Service staff who treated him for COVID-19.

In 2020, the Quebec coroner's office said it would investigate the deaths of 31 elderly people at a private long-term care facility west of Montreal. The provincial health department and police have launched an investigation into dozens of deaths at the Herron residence in Dorval since March 13.

In 2021, Princes William and Harry issued separate statements to honor their grandfather, Prince Philip. William said his grandfather was “a special man and part of a special generation”. Prince Harry described Philip as “true to himself” and “shameless to the core”.

In 2021, Ottawa agreed to access $5.9 billion in loans and equity financing to Air Canada. Under the deal, which took months to negotiate, Air Canada would have to refund passengers whose flights were canceled due to COVID-19, cap executive compensation at $1 million and resume service to regional airports.

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